Economic Typology Codes, 2025 Edition
- High farming-concentration counties
- High mining-concentration counties
- High manufacturing-concentration counties
- High government-concentration counties
- High recreation-concentration counties
- Nonspecialized counties
- Industry dependence counties
Demographic Typology Codes, 2025 Edition
- Low post-secondary education counties
- Low employment counties
- Population-loss counties
- Housing stress counties
- Retirement-destination counties
- Persistent-poverty counties
High farming-concentration counties (453 total, 409 nonmetro)
At least 20 percent of the county’s annual average labor and proprietors’ earnings came from farming or at least 17 percent of the annual average number of jobs in the county were derived from farming over the 3-year average of 2019, 2021, and 2022.
High mining-concentration counties (216 total, 184 nonmetro)
At least 11 percent of the county’s annual average earnings came from mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction or at least 7 percent of the annual average number of jobs in the county were in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction over the 3-year average of 2019, 2021, and 2022.
High manufacturing-concentration counties (469 total, 348 nonmetro)
At least 25 percent of the county’s annual average earnings came from manufacturing or at least 17 percent of the annual average number of jobs in the county were in manufacturing over the 3-year average of 2019, 2021, and 2022.
High government-concentration counties (443 total, 278 nonmetro)
At least 13 percent of the county’s annual average earnings came from Federal and State Government or at least 8 percent of the annual average number of jobs in the county came from Federal and State Government over the 3-year average of 2019, 2021, and 2022. Federal earnings and jobs include (but are not limited to) those of civilian military, national park, and Federal correctional facility employees. State earnings and jobs include (but are not limited to) those of public State university, State correctional facility, and State legislature employees.
High recreation-concentration counties (432 total, 295 nonmetro)
The weighted z-score of the factors listed below was at least two-thirds of a standard deviation above the nonmetro mean (greater than or equal to 0.67).
- a county’s annual average share of earnings in arts, entertainment, and recreation, accommodation and food services, and real estate and rental and leasing over the three-year average of 2019, 2021, and 2022
- a county’s annual average share of jobs in arts, entertainment, and recreation, accommodation and food services, and real estate and rental and leasing over the 3-year average of 2019, 2021, and 2022
- and the percentage of vacant housing units for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use reported in the 2020 Decennial Census
Nonspecialized counties (1,351 total, 633 nonmetro)
Counties did not have a high concentration in any of the five industries examined.
Industry dependence counties (1,579 total, 777 nonmetro not dependent; 354 total, 329 nonmetro farming dependent; 90 total, 78 nonmetro mining dependent; 706 total, 495 nonmetro manufacturing dependent; 147 total, 79 nonmetro government dependent; 267 total, 200 nonmetro recreation dependent)
A county is classified as dependent on an industry if the county’s share of economic activity (measured using a weighted index of an industry’s share of earnings and jobs in a county and recreational housing for recreation dependent counties) in that industry is at or above a common threshold and that industry’s level of economic activity is higher than any of the other industries examined. See the documentation for more information. Note that in the map below, industry dependence is shown for nonmetro counties only.
Demographic Typology Codes
Low post-secondary education counties (358 total, 305 nonmetro)
At least 57 percent of residents ages 25 to 64 did not have any post-secondary education in the 2018–22 5-year American Community Survey (ACS).
Low employment counties (315 total, 265 nonmetro)
Less than 63 percent of residents ages 25 to 54 were employed in the 2018–22 5-year ACS.
Population-loss counties (912 total, 778 nonmetro)
Number of residents declined from 2000 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2020, based on Decennial Census data.
Housing stress counties (668 total, 288 nonmetro)
At least 29 percent of owner- and renter-occupied housing units had at least one of the following conditions in the 2018–22 5-year ACS: 1) lacking complete plumbing facilities, 2) lacking complete kitchen facilities, 3) with 1.01 or more occupants per room, 4) selected monthly owner costs as a percentage of household income greater than 30 percent, or 5) gross rent as a percentage of household income greater than 30 percent.
Retirement-destination counties (305 total, 191 nonmetro)
The number of residents ages 55 to 74 increased by at least 15 percent from 2010 to 2020 because of migration. Based on data from the Applied Population Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Persistent-poverty counties (318 total, 267 nonmetro)
Poverty rate was 20 percent or higher in the 1990 and 2000 Decennial Censuses and in the 2007–11 and 2017–21 5-year American Community Surveys. See the Poverty Area Measures data product webpage for more information.
